中文摘要：

中国南方春大豆种子易劣变,已成为该地区发展粒用型和菜用型大豆生产的重大障碍。【目的】对中国南方春大豆种质种子劣变抗性的鉴定筛选可获得抗性种质,从而为劣变抗性机理研究、遗传育种改良和新品种选育奠定种质基础。【方法】本研究采用甲醇胁迫法和温箱蚀化法对92份中国南方春大豆地方品种和推广品种进行收获前和收获后种子劣变的鉴定。【结果】经筛选鉴定获得收获前种子劣变（田间劣变）相对较抗种质（发芽率≥80.00%、活力指数≥2.64和简易活力指数≥8.61）3个,收获后种子劣变较抗（耐贮藏）种质（发芽率≥80.00%、活力指数≥1.00和简易活力指数≥7.03）3个,双抗种质1个以及双不抗种质1个。【结论】中国南方春大豆种质收获前种子劣变抗性大于收获后种子劣变抗性,而且资源中收获前种子劣变抗性种质更为丰富;与种子活力和劣变性相关的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数和简易活力指数等指标间皆呈极显著正相关;宜联合采用活力指数、简易活力指数和发芽率作为种质种子劣变评价鉴定指标。

英文摘要：

Seed deterioration of spring soybean has been a big obstacle to greater spring soybean production in South China. [ Objective ] Seed deterioration resistance germplasm were needed in order to study resistance mechanism and develop new cultivars [ Method ] Spring soybean landraces（92） and cultivars from South China were used to evaluate seed deterioration resistance by methanol treatment and incubating weathering treatment. There were also used to screen seed deterioration resistance accessions. [Result] Five accessions resisting pre-harvest seed deterioration with germination percentage≥80%, vigor index≥1.00, and simple vigor index ≥8.61 were identified. Four accessions resisting post-harvest seed deterioration with a germination percentage ≥80%, vigor index ≥2.64 and simple vigor index ≥7.03 were identified. One accession resisting both pre-harvest and post-harvest seed deterioration, and one accession showing no resistance to either pre-harvest or post-harvest seed deterioration were screening out.[ Conclusion ]The resistance to pre-harvest seed deteriorations the germplasm was generally greater than the resistances to post-harvest seed deteriorations. Germplasms resisting pre-harvest seed deterioration were more abundant in the South China spring soybean resource. A significant positive correlation among germination percentage, germination energy, germination index, vigor index and simple vigor index were detected. The combination of germination percentage, vigor index and simple vigor index should be used as an evaluation index for seed deterioration.