中文摘要：

在情景记忆的发展历程中,Tulving逐渐地将意识作为情景记忆加工的必要条件。但是,无论来自正常被试的情景记忆中静态的视觉、语词和动态的视觉-动作加工特性方面的研究,还是来自遗忘症患者、婴儿以及动物等方面的情景记忆研究,均表明在无意识条件下情景记忆也能编码和提取,这些似乎与Tulving对情景记忆的界定相矛盾。而情景记忆在人类进化过程中所表现出的自然属性和社会属性,则合理的解释了其在加工过程中所伴随的无意识和意识过程。因此,只有结合情景记忆在人类发展历程所表现出的双重属性,才能宏观、全面地把握情景记忆的整体概貌。

英文摘要：

Episodic memory has been defi ned as the memory for personal experiences in time and place. For the purpose that whether consciousness is a necessary condition of episodic memory formation, the current research discussed that episodic memory could be formed under the unconscious condition. This survey opens a new window towards understanding the human＇sepisodic memory. We first introduced the episodic memory system proposed by Tulving. According to the view of Tulving, episodic memory is a recently evolved in the phylogenetically history, late developing and early deteriorating in the development history of the individual, past-oriented memory system, and probably unique to humans. Later, he pointed out that episodic memory had three characteristics such as auto-noetic awareness, self, and sense of subjective time, which referred to a person＇s awareness of his existence and identity in subjective time extending from the personal past through the present to the future and allowed us to be aware of the subjective time in which events happened. Then, this study discussed that episodic memory could be formed under the unconscious condition. In these parts, we described a wide range of unconscious episodic memory in visual and verbal processing, amnesia patients, infant and animals research. In the respect of static visual and verbal, the previous study indicated that rapid encoding and fl exible representation could be formed in unconscious condition, and the brain areas which rapid encoding and fl exible representation depended on could be adjusted by the unconscious process. In the perspective of dynamic visual, the early study concluded that there was a motor system in addition to the use of verbal mediation and a visual-sensory modality in the processing of episodic memory and the encoding of motor tasks was nonstrategic in some respects. The research in amnesia patients indicated that amnesia patients with hippocampus damaged not only missed the explicit declarative memory, but also lost the unconscious me