中文摘要：

土壤生态系统是农业生态系统安全和农业可持续发展的重要载体,也是人类赖以生存的基础。随着基因工程技术的应用和转基因作物大量种植,在带来重大经济效益的同时,也可能会引发一定的生态风险,包括会对农田土壤生态系统尤其是微生物群落结构和功能产生难以预测的复杂影响。目前这些研究方向已成为土壤生物安全的研究热点。本文简要分析了近年来转基因作物对土壤微生物群落的影响,着重介绍了转基因作物种植影响根际土壤微生物群落多样性的研究进展、土壤微生物群落多样性的研究方法及其评估研究的主要策略等。

英文摘要：

Soil ecosystem is the important carrier of the agricultural ecosystem security and agriculturally sustainable development,and is the basis for human survival. The rapid development of genetic engineering and introduction of genetically modified crops （GMCs） have provided large economic benefits,but have also raised concerns over the potential impacts of these crops on environment. Among these environmental concerns,the unpredicted and complex impacts that GMCs might have on soil ecosystem,especially on its microbial community structure and function,have been recently increasingly studied,which has become one of the hot research directions in soil biosafety area. This review briefly summarizes the impacts of GMCs on microbial community in recent years,in which the advances on the effects of planted GMCs on rhizosphere microbial community diversity,both biological and technical approaches for the diversity research,and the countermeasures for assessing the risk of GMCs on rhizospheric microbes are highlighted and discussed.