中文摘要：

水力停留时间是湿地系统处理效果和水力学优化设计考虑的重要因素。在实际工程应用中,可通过调节不同的运行条件使湿地得到最优化。鉴于水力效率可以综合分析水力停留时间及分布散度对湿地水力学性能的影响,通过不同进/出水口位置和进水流量下潜流人工湿地的脉冲示踪实验,获得其水力停留时间分布曲线,计算不同运行条件下的相对水力效率并进行对比分析。结果表明,进水口位置在上层（进水口①）和小进水流量（0.050 7 m^3/h）的湿地系统因具有较长的平均水力停留时间和较小的分布散度,因此其水力效率最高;各进水口的潜流人工湿地出水口位置在上层（出水口①）的有效体积比和水力效率均最大,这可能与出水口所在的填料层孔隙率有关。

英文摘要：

The hydraulic retention time is an important factor that affecting treatment performance of constructed wetlands,and it should be taken into consideration in hydraulic optimization design.Hydraulic efficiency is a common index for evaluating the hydraulic property of construct wetland.In this paper,series of tracer tests with different inlet locations and inflow rates were performed in a lab scale subsurface flow wetland system to determine the effect of different operating conditions on hydraulic efficiency.The results showed that among all test runs,the upper inlet location with lower inflow rate of 0.050 7 m^3/h achieved highest hydraulic efficiency（λ=0.408 2） for the system had relatively long resident time（Tm=5.316 1 h） and little spread of the RTD（σθ^2=0.091 2）.The first outlet location always had higher hydraulic efficiency as a result of the lower porosity of the filter.The paper had provided reference and technical parameters for optimal design and operation of the constructed wetlands.