中文摘要：

本文研究了目前广泛应用的防污涂料毒性添加剂3-（3,4-dichlorophenyl）-1,1-dimethylurea（Diuron）、2-methylthio-4-t-butylamino-6-cyclopropylamino-s-triazine（Irgarol 1051）、triphenylborane pyridine（TPBP）、Zinc pyrithione（Zn-Pt）、Zinc bis（dimethyl thiocarbamate,Ziram）、Cu2＋的单一毒性和二元混合毒性.结果表明：对卤虫而言,6种化合物单一毒性按强弱排序为TPBP〉Diuron〉Ziram〉CuSO4〉Irgarol 1051〉Zn-Pt,它们对卤虫48 h的LC50分别为CuSO49.1μg/cm3、Diuron 8.0μg/cm3、Irgarol 1051 12.0μg/cm3、TPBP 0.07μg/cm3、Zn-Pt 30.9μg/cm3、Ziram 8.2μg/cm3.对卤虫的二元联合毒性实验采用混合毒性指数法（MTI）评价,结果显示：共有8个组合具有协同效应,包括Irgarol 1051/Diuron、Irgarol 1051/TPBP、Irgarol 1051/Ziram、Irgarol 1051/Zn-Pt、Irgarol 1051/CuSO4、Diuron/TPBP、Ziram/CuSO4以及Zn-Pt/CuSO4.其中Irgarol 1051/Ziram组合的MTI值高达2.740,Zn-Pt/CuSO4组合更高达5.621.发现8个协同效应组合中有5个和Irgarol 1051有关,表明Irgarol 1051在基于毒性的防污涂料配方中有其良好的适应性,但进入海洋环境的Irgarol 1051具有引起较强生物毒性的环境风险.另有5个组合Diuron/Zn-Pt、Diuron/CuSO4、TPBP/Ziram、TPBP/ZnPt、Ziram/Zn-Pt表现为一定程度拮抗作用,应在防污涂料配制中尽量避免同时使用.

英文摘要：

In this study,the single and joint toxicities of 6 wide used and represented antifouling compounds,including 3-（ 3,4-dichlorophenyl）-1,1-dimethylurea（ Diuron）,2-methylthio-4-t-butylamino-6-cyclopropylamino-s-triazine（ Irgarol 1051）,triphenylborane pyridine（ TPBP）,Zinc pyrithione（ Zn-Pt）,Zinc bis（ dimethyl thiocarbamate,Ziram）,and Cu2＋,were examined to promote the toxicity data approaching to the real situations and to provide the optimized compounds adding strategies. The single toxicities against Artemia nauplii were detected with results of descending order of TPBP 〉 Diuron 〉 Ziram 〉 CuSO4〉 Irgarol 1051 〉 Zn-Pt with LC50 of 0. 07,8. 0,8. 2,9. 1,12. 0,and 30. 9 μg/cm3,respectively. When every two compounds were combined,the joint effects of their toxicities were evaluated by MTI analysis. The results indicated that there were 8 synergetic combinations,including Irgarol 1051/Diuron,Irgarol 1051/TPBP,Irgarol 1051/Ziram,Irgarol 1051/Zn-Pt,Irgarol 1051/CuSO4,Diuron/TPBP,Ziram/CuSO4,and Zn-Pt/CuSO4. Among them,the MTIs of the combinations of Irgarol 1051/Ziram and Zn-Pt/CuSO4 were detected as high as 2. 740 and 5. 621,respectively. All 5 Irgarol 1051 involved combinations showed synergistic effects,which indicates that Irgarol 1051 in the marine environments may lead to higher risk than previously evaluated based on the single toxicity data. In addition,5 antagonistic combinations,including Diuron/Zn-Pt,Diuron/CuSO4,TPBP/Ziram,TPBP/Zn-Pt,and Ziram/Zn-Pt,were also observed. Those coexistence of antagonistic compounds in same antifouling paints will lead to the reduced antifouling efficiencies,therefore,should be avoided.