中文摘要：

宏蛋白质组学作为研究微生物群落的一种新兴技术,主要是对特定微生物群落所表达的全部蛋白进行宏观、高通量的分析研究.本文综述了宏蛋白质组学研究的技术路线,主要包括蛋白的提取和纯化、分离和鉴定,以及宏蛋白质组学在强化生物除磷的活性污泥、活性污泥胞外多聚物和比较不同处理工艺活性污泥的差异等方面的研究.活性污泥的宏蛋白质组学研究完善了强化生物除磷活性污泥的厌氧和好氧阶段的代谢模型,揭示了活性污泥胞外多聚物在污染物降解过程中的主要作用和表现,阐述了不同活性污泥在污水处理过程中宏观特性与微观功能之间的关系,对于污水的生物处理有着重要的指导意义.宏蛋白质组学在活性污泥研究领域仍处于起步阶段,没有统一、有效的蛋白提取方法,数据库匮乏,成为活性污泥宏蛋白质组学发展的主要阻碍.随着各种新兴仪器、方法的应用以及数据库的不断完善,活性污泥宏蛋白质组学将会在污染物生物降解机制分析、鉴定功能蛋白等方面展现其巨大的优势.

英文摘要：

Activated sludge is widely used as an effective and stable method in wastewater treatment. However a deep insight into the microbial communities and components of activated sludge is still a great challenge. The rapidly growing number of metagenomic sequences together with revolutionary advances in bioinformatics and protein analyses have opened completely new horizons to investigate the molecular basis of such complex communities. Metaproteomics, a new approach for studying functional microbial ecology, is mainly applied for macroscopical and high-throughput analysis of total proteins expressed by a specific microbial community. The research approach of metaproteomic is similar to the classical approach in proteomic analysis, including protein extraction and purification, separation and identification. Currently, activated sludge metaproteomics has made a great progress in research on enhanced biological phosphorus removal sludge, activated sludge extracellular polymeric substances and comparison of wastewater treatment processes. However, compared with the rapid development in bio-medical field, the research on activated sludge by metaproteomics is still in its infancy. The lack of a common effective protein extraction method and the imperfection of environmental microbial database became the biggest obstacle of the the application of metaproteomics in studies of activated sludge. This review summarizes the recent research advances both domestic and overseas, and compares the different methods of activated sludge metaproteomics. With the development of the new instruments and corresponding technologies, activated sludge metaproteomics will show its great advantages in study on the pollutant biodegradation mechanism and the proteins function identification.