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中文摘要：
结直肠癌（colorectal cancer,CRC）的早期诊断对减少肿瘤发病率和死亡率具有极其重要的意义。随着分子生物、内镜影像技术以及激光技术的发展,各种诊断方法不断改进,新诊断方法和技术不断涌现,对结直肠癌的早期诊断、定位和分期提高到了一个新的认知水平。本文简述了结直肠组织的层微结构和癌变进程,介绍了目前临床诊断的主要方法,展望了其发展方向。论文在重点评述非线性光谱技术,包括双光子激发荧光、二次谐波以及拉曼光谱在CRC诊断研究的基础上,提出联合多光子显微成像与拉曼光谱技术进一步开展结直肠癌早期无损诊断研究。
英文摘要：
Early diagnosis of colorectal cancer （CRC） is very important for decreasing the morbidity and mortality of cancer. With the development of molecular biology, endoscopic imaging technology and laser technology, various diag- nosis methods are in continuous improvement. New diagnostic methods and technologies continue to emerge, and early diagnosis, location and stage of colorectal cancer has been raised to a new level of cognition. In this paper, layer micro- structure of colorectal tissue and process of canceration are briefly presented, the main methods of clinical diagnosis are concisely introduced, and the development direction is prospected. Using nonlinear spectroscopic techniques, including two-photon excited fluorescence （TPEF）, second-harmonic generation （SHG） and Raman spectroscopy to early diag- nose CRC is mainly emphasized, and multiphoton microscopy combined with Raman spectroscopy to nondestructively di- agnosis of early colorectal cancer is further proposed.
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