中文摘要：

基于声发射定位技术和矩张量分析方法，对在单轴加载条件下岩石破裂过程中的裂纹破裂机制及时空分布特征进行试验研究．借助CAD软件展示不同破裂机制的声发射事件，直观反映裂纹破裂类型．研究结果表明：单轴压缩加载试验中，花岗岩试样破裂以剪破坏为主，但岩石微裂纹的破裂类型所占比例并不固定，岩石内部微裂纹破裂类型与岩石材料的力学环境有关；花岗岩作为一种脆性岩石，破裂不符合格里菲斯强度准则认为的脆性材料都是拉伸破坏的基本观点，证明格里菲斯强度准则对于均质度不高的脆性岩石的适用性有一定的局限；花岗岩单轴压缩试验中，试样的破坏类型与其应力水平没有关系，3种类型的声发射事件随应力增大的变化趋势相似．

英文摘要：

Based on the acoustic emission （AE） location technology and moment tensor analysis method, the experiment study of fracture mechanism and time and space distribution characteristics of the cracks during fracture process of rock specimens under uniaxial compression was conducted. The acoustic emission events with different fracture mechanisms can be used to identify the forms of the cracks directly with the help of CAD software. The results show that shear failure was more than other failure types in granite sample under uniaxial loading. However, the form of microcrack that may have no fixed proportion is determined by its mechanics environment. It is a phenomenon that, the brittle fracture of granite does not agree with the Griffith strength criterion where the fracture is considered to be caused by tensile in brittle materials, thus clarifying the limitations of the Griffith strength criterion. AE generated by different sample types fracture, which is independent of the stress level, has similar trend in the increasing stress during uniaxial loading of granite.