中文摘要：

抗生素抗性基因作为一类新型环境污染物，其在不同环境介质中的传播扩散可能比抗生素本身的环境危害更大，其中，水平基因转移是抗生素抗性基因传播的重要方式，是造成抗性基因环境污染日益严重的原因之一．本文系统阐述了抗生素抗性基因在环境中发生水平转移的主要分子传播元件及其影响因素，这对于正确揭示抗性基因的分子传播机制具有重要意义．结合多重抗药性的传播扩散机制，探讨了行之有效的遏制抗生素抗性基因传播扩散的方法和途径，并针对目前的污染现状，对今后有关抗生素抗性基因水平转移的研究重点进行了展望．

英文摘要：

The transfer of antibiotic resistance genes （ARGs）, a new type of environmental pollu- tants, could have more adverse effects on the environment than the ARGs themselves, while the horizontal gene transfer （HGT） could be the most important propagation pathways of the ARGs, be- ing one of the reasons for the growing pollution of ARGs in the environment. This paper systemati- cally elaborated the molecular elements of the horizontal transfer of ARGs and the related affecting factors, which was of significance for investigating the molecular mechanisms of the horizontal trans- fer of the ARGs. In combining with the phylogenetic mechanisms of multiple antibiotic resistances, this paper also provided effective strategies to reduce the transfer and proliferation of ARGs in the environment. Based on the present contamination situations, the further researches on the horizontal transfer of ARGs in the environment were prospected.