中文摘要：

选择湖北通城花岗岩发育较典型、质地差异较大的粘壤土和砂质土为研究对象,设计室内试验小区,进行3场人工模拟降雨,利用三维激光扫描技术对土壤表面侵蚀形态的微观变化及过程进行高精度、实时监测,从形态学上探讨了土壤侵蚀过程及分布特征。结果表明：（1）三维激光扫描仪及其配套的软件能准确地测量降雨前后2个坡面的土表微域DEM。结合ArcGIS软件对DEM进一步分析,计算了降雨后土壤侵蚀体积与土壤流失量,且3场人工降雨试验测得的试验误差均低于5%。经过精度验证表明,三维激光扫描仪可应用于坡面产流产沙研究,且测算精度较高;（2）将DEM导入到ArcGIS中进行分析处理,获取了坡面侵蚀后的微地形坡度变化,分析得出高级别的坡度主要分布在坡底,说明坡底以上土体表面遭受侵蚀的面积较少,在坡底部易形成冲沟;一次降雨后粘壤土和砂质土的1,2级的栅格比例分别减少了19.26%和12.39%,说明砂质土在降雨时土壤的侵蚀速度更快。后2场降雨中侵蚀速度趋于稳定;（3）获取了坡面侵蚀后的微地形粗糙度变化,分析得出在第1场降雨中土壤含水率较小时,粘壤土粗糙度的增幅为14.29%,砂质土则为11.32%,粘壤土的增幅高于砂质土;在第2,3场降雨中土壤含水率达到饱和时,砂质土粗糙度的降幅分别为3.39%,4.24%,粘壤土则分别为3.33%,4.17%,砂质土粗糙度的下降速度较大,侵蚀速度大于粘壤土。试验定量研究了土壤侵蚀形态的微观变化,可以为花岗岩区域土壤侵蚀监测提供技术支撑。

英文摘要：

Clay loam and sandy soil of typical development granite,which were largely different in texture,were chosen from Tongcheng of Hubei province as the objectives of study.The indoor experimental test was conducted under 3artificial rainfalls to do high-precision and real-time monitoring on the microscopic changes and process of soil erosion surface by three-dimensional laser scanning technology in order to explore the soil erosion process and distribution characteristics from morphology.The results showed that：（1）Threedimensional laser scanner and its supporting software could accurately measure the soil surface slope microdomain DEM both before and after the rain.Combined with ArcGIS software,DEM was further analyzed to calculate the volume of soil erosion and the loss of soil,with less than 5%experimental error after 3artificial rainfall tests.It was indicated through precision verification that 3Dlaser scanners could be applied in the study of slope runoff and sediment yield,with the higher precision of calculations;（2）DEM could be introduced to the software of ArcGIS for analysis and processing in order to get the gradient variation of microrelief after slope erosion.Results showed that a high level of slope gradient mainly distributed in its base,presenting the less surface soil erosion above its base,the gullies were easy to form at the bottom of the slope;Grid ratio of1,2-class sandy soil and clay loam respectively decreased by 19.26% and 12.39% after the first rainfall,indicating that sandy soil was faster at the rate of soil erosion during the rainfall,but its erosion rate tendedto be stabile during the latter 2rainfalls;（3）It was drawn through the analysis of micro terrain roughness changes after the slope erosion that when soil moisture was small in the first rainfall,an increase of clay loam roughness was14.29%,while an increase of sandy soil roughness was 11.32%,and an increase amplitude of clay loam was higher than that of sandy spoil;when the moisture content of sandy soil reached satura