中文摘要：

采用基于PCR扩增的分子生态技术DGGE、T-RFLP和LH—PCR，对2种典型污水处理系统中的活性污泥（生活污泥、焦化污泥）进行微生物种群多样性分析；并以此比较3种技术的优劣，提出不同应用条件下研究方法的选择依据。根据实验结果：DGGE得到的条带较多，但误差来源也最多；T-RFLP技术较为灵敏，但需要选择适当的内切酶，严格控制酶切条件，并且文库比对误差较大；而LH—PCR操作简单，结果稳定性较高。虽然目前尚无法判断3种方法的准确性，但LH—PCR在活性污泥的微生物种群多样性分析中已显示出潜在优势。

英文摘要：

Using three PCR-based molecular ecological techniques, i.e. DGGE, T-RFLP and LH-PCR, the microbial community diversity of activated sludges from two typical wastewater treatment systems （ domestic and eoking） was investigated. The advantages and disadvantages of the three techniques were compared and the consideration of method selection under different conditions was suggested. DGGE displayed many bands, never- theless, the sources of error were multiple. T-RFLP was sensitive, but it required suitable endonuelease and re- action condition, and the result from the T-RFLP phylogenetic assignment tool （PAT）was uncertainty to some extent. LH-PCR was characterized by simple operation and stable result. Under the existing technical level, it was still unable to determine the accuracy of the three techniques. However, LH-PCR had displayed a certain potential in the analysis of microbial community diversity for activated sludges.