中文摘要：

本研究主要讨论幼儿自我调节能力的发展及与气质的关系。研究从执行功能的角度入手，采用实验法和问卷法对90名3—5岁的幼儿进行研究，通过创设难度递进的冲突情境来考察儿童在两种不一致规则中的转换能力。结果表明，幼儿自我调节能力的发展随年龄增长而提高，并存在显著的年龄差异；幼儿气质与自我调节能力的发展有着密切的关系，特别是专注性和社会抑制性维度对不同水平的幼儿自我调节能力的方差检验都达到了显著，二者与年龄一起，能够对幼儿自我调节能力进行一定程度的预测。

英文摘要：

The present study examined 90 preschool children＇ self-regulation and its relationship with temperament by experiments and questionnaire. Preschoolers＇ self-regulation development was investigated by creating a conflicting situation for the children to obey different rule of conversion capacity. The findings were as follows： （ 1 ） preschooler＇ s self-regulation significantly increased with age, but there was no statistical significance in gender; （2） there was a close relationship between self-regulation and temperament, and especially analysis of variances indicated that there were significant differences in attention and social inhibition, by different levels of self-regulation of preschoolers. In addition, social inhibition, attention together with age could predict the children＇ s ability to serfregulate.