中文摘要：

以黑曲霉AN和青霉PHT为出发菌株,采用硫酸二乙酯（DES）对其原生质体进行诱变育种与钾矿物浸矿研究。研究结果表明：分别通过体积分数为3.0%和2.5%的DES处理出发菌株AN和PHT的原生质体,致死率分别为75.4%和78.6%,正突变率分别为23.5%和29.0%;获得的2株突变型黑曲霉ANM和青霉PHTM达到生长稳定期的时间分别比对应的出发菌株缩短24h和36 h,且具有更大的细胞密度与产酸、产蛋白质和多糖的能力;浸出30d,诱变菌株ANM和PHTM从富钾页岩中释放的K2O质量浓度分别比对应的出发菌株AN与PHT提高34.60%与28.52%,且主要浸矿阶段分别缩短4 d和3 d;混合诱变菌株浸出的K2O的质量浓度比单一诱变菌株ANM与PHTM分别提高13.40%和31.80%,主要浸矿阶段比出发菌株缩短3 d;混合诱变菌株对富钾页岩的破坏作用最为明显;在富钾页岩混合菌浸矿前10 d,没有明显的优势菌种,而浸矿15d后,黑曲霉在群落中的比例显著上升,并最后取代青霉成为优势菌种。

英文摘要：

The original strains Aspergillus niger AN and Penicillium heteromorphum PHT were studied by diethylsulfate（DES） induced protoplast mutagenesis and bioleaching of potassium-rich shale. The results show the lethal rates of the original strains AN and PHT are 75.4% and 78.6%, and the positive mutant rates are 23.5% and 29.0% after being treated respectively by DES of 3.0% and 2.5% volume fractions. The two mutants of Aspergillus niger ANM and Penicillium heteromorphum PHTM screened from positive mutant strains reach stationary stages 24 h and 36 h respectively ahead of the corresponding original strains, and have higher cell concentrations and higher ability of producing organic acids and polysaccharides and proteins than those of original strains. After 30 d leaching, K2 O concentrations in supernatants of the mutant stains ANM and PHTM are improved by 34.60% and 28.52%. And the mutant strains ANM and PHTM can shorten the main leaching phases of 4 d and 3 d respectively, than those of the two corresponding original strains. After bioleaching for 30 d with the mixture of the two mutant strains ANM and PHTM, the K2 O concentration in supernatant is13.40% and 31.80% higher than those of the two mutant strains PAM and ATM respectively, and the mixture can shorten the main leaching time of 3 d in comparison with the original strains. The SEM and XRD analyses of potassiumrich shale surfaces before and after leaching show that the mixture of PAM and ATM has the greatest corrosion and decomposition ability on shale. There is no obvious dominant culture in fungal community at the early 10 d bioleaching stage, but after 15 d, Aspergillus niger thrives and turns into the dominant culture in replacement of Penicillium heteromorphum.