中文摘要：

以热弹塑性理论为基础,采用APDL语言对机车车辆构架侧梁进行了焊接变形数值仿真计算,并对侧梁进行现场跟踪测量.得出了侧梁的焊接变形仿真计算结果与测量值,两者基本吻合,误差在6%之内.以此仿真模型为基础,结合所制定的反变形方案,采用多层优化计算,对侧梁焊接时的反变形量进行数值仿真优化,最优方案与无反变形量的焊接相比,可使弯曲变形量减低65%左右.优化方案可为焊接变形的控制、焊接工艺设计的选择和预留变形量的确定等提供可靠依据.

英文摘要：

Based on the thermal-elastic-plastic theory,the welding residual deformation＇s numerical simulation was done with APDL and the field tracking measurement was also made with the side beam.It was concluded that the computation result is basically consistent with the measured data and the error is within 6%.On the basis of the numerical simulation model,and combined with the scheme of reverse deformation,multi-layer optimizing computer was utilized,the optimization analysis of the reverse deformation was done with numerical simulation model,the optimum scheme was obtained.Compared with the welding without reverse deformation,the optimum scheme can make bend deformation reduce about 65%.The optimum scheme provides reliable theoretical references for controlling welding residual deformation and selecting the welding technology and determining deformation reserved.