中文摘要：

运用傅里叶变换红外光谱、二维相关谱及主成分分析对7种同属牛肝菌进行分析鉴别。结果显示：7种牛肝菌的原始光谱总体特征相似,主要由蛋白质、多糖等的吸收峰组成,但在吸收峰强度、位置仍存在差异。对样品进行二维相关红外光谱分析,在二维相关红外光谱1 680～1 300 cm^-1范围内,茶褐牛肝菌和双色牛肝菌出现了6个明显的自动峰;小美牛肝菌出现了5个明显的自动峰;灰褐牛肝菌和美柄牛肝菌出现4个明显自动峰;美味牛肝菌和铜色牛肝菌自动峰相对较少,只出现了3个明显的自动峰;而且自动峰和交叉峰的强度、位置也存在较大差异。同样在二维相关红外光谱1 150～920 cm^-1范围内,不同牛肝菌的同步谱中自动峰和交叉峰的数量、强度和位置也不同。对光谱1 800～800 cm^-1范围内的二阶导数进行主成分分析,所有样品均区分开,其分类正确率达100%。结果表明,傅里叶变换红外光谱结合二维相关红外光谱或者主成分分析可以有效地区分茶褐牛肝菌、小美牛肝菌、双色牛肝菌、灰褐牛肝菌、美柄牛肝菌、美味牛肝菌和铜色牛肝菌。该方法对于分类鉴别蘑菇是一种快速、准确、有效的方法。

英文摘要：

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,two-dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy and principal component analysis were used to discriminate seven species of boletus belonging to the same genus.The results showed that the absorption bands of original spectra were similar,which were mainly composed of the absorption bands of protein and polysaccharides,but tiny differences were still observed at the position and intensities of peaks.Two-dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy technology was applied to study the sample.It showed that there are 6 auto-peaks in the Boletus brunneissimus Chiu and Boletus bicolor,5 auto-peaks in the Boletus speciosus,4 auto-peaks in the Boletus griseus Forst and Boletus calopus,only 3 in the Boletus edulis and Boletus aereus in the range of 1 680～1 300 cm^-1.The significant differences in the position,intensity of autopeaks and cross peaks were still observed in the range of 1 680～1 300 cm^-1.Same significant differences were observed in the range of 1 150～920 cm^-1.Principal component analysis was conducted on boletus with second derivative infrared spectra in the range of 1 800～800 cm^-1.All the samples were distinguished and the classification accuracy of principal component analysis is up to 100%.It is demonstrated that Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy combined with two-dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy or principal component analysis is a rapid and effective method for discriminating mushrooms.