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中文摘要：
菲是水环境中广泛存在的一种持久性有机污染物.为探讨菲对我国重要经济水产动物中华绒螯蟹（Eriocheir sinensis）的急性毒性效应,在实验室条件下,采用半静态实验法,设置了5个菲浓度梯度（1.00、1.63、2.65、4.31和7.00mg L^-1）,研究菲对中华绒螯蟹的96 h急性致死效应,同时对前4个较低浓度菲胁迫96 h后中华绒螯蟹肝胰腺和鳃中过氧化氢酶（CAT）、谷胱甘肽硫转移酶（GST）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力以及丙二醛（MDA）含量的变化进行检测和分析.结果显示,菲对中华绒螯蟹的24、48、96 h半致死浓度（LC50）分别为16.7、2.96、2.14 mg L^-1,安全浓度为0.214mg L^-1;不同浓度菲胁迫均显著诱导肝胰腺和鳃组织中CAT活力,在肝胰腺中有显著的剂量-效应;肝胰腺和鳃中GST和SOD活力都随菲浓度增加呈升高—下降的波动变化,其中肝胰腺GST活力在较低菲浓度（1.00、1.63 mg L^-1）处理时被显著诱导（P〈0.05）,在高浓度（4.31 mg L^-1）时被显著抑制（P〈0.05）;各菲处理组肝胰腺和鳃中MDA含量都呈上升趋势,在肝胰腺中各菲处理组MDA含量较对照组均显著升高.结果表明,菲对中华绒螯蟹具有高毒性,高浓度菲暴露能引起中华绒螯蟹机体脂质过氧化等氧化损伤及急性致死效应;同时,中华绒螯蟹对低浓度菲胁迫具有一定的适应性响应,其通过诱导机体CAT、SOD和GST活力来降低菲胁迫对机体的危害,其中鳃和肝胰腺中CAT活力以及肝胰腺GST活力对菲胁迫反应灵敏,可用作高浓度菲污染水体监测的生物标志物.
英文摘要：
Phenanthrene is a persistent organic pollutant frequently found in aquatic environments.This paper aimed to assess the acute effects（96 h） of phenanthrene on Chinese mitten crab（Eriocheir sinensis）,a key economic aquatic animal in China.An acute semi-static toxic test was carried out to expose E.sinensis to water-borne phenanthrene with different concentrations（1.00,1.63,2.65,4.31 and 7.00 mg L^-1） for 96 hours.Mortality and toxic reactions were used as effect criteria.Furthermore,the oxidative stress relative biomarkers（activities of CAT,SOD,GST and content of MDA in hepatopancreas and gills）were measured for E.sinensis exposed to four lower concentrations of phenanthrene（1.00,1.63,2.65 and 4.31 mgL^-1）.The median lethal concentration（LC_（50）） for 24,48 and 96 hour phenanthrene exposure was 16.7,2.96 and 2.14 mg L^-1,respectively;and the safe concentration（SC） of phenanthrene on E.sinensis was 0.214 mg L^-1.Phenanthrene significantly increased the activity of CAT in hepatopancreas and gills,and showed a significant dose-effect relationship in hepatopancreas.Bell-shape response patterns were found in the activities of GST and SOD in the hepatopancreas and gills,with significant increases of hepatopancreas GST at 1.00 and 1.63 mg L^-1（P〈0.05）,and a significant decrease at 4.31 mg L^-1（P〈0.05）.Phenanthrene significantly increased the contents of gills MDA at 2.65 mg L^-1 and hepatopancreas MDA at all four concentrations of phenanthrene.Phenanthrene,especially of high concentration,is highly toxic on E.sinensis,causing lipid peroxidative damage and even acute mortality.Meanwhile,E.sinensis can adapt to lower concentrations of phenanthrene by increasing the activities of SOD,CAT and GST.Because the CAT and GST activities of the gill and hepatopancreas are very sensitive to the presence of high-concentration phenanthrene,they can be used as highly sensitive biomarkers for phenanthrene polluted water.
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