负载型Au基催化剂在工业过程中具有非常广泛的潜在应用,如催化加氢/脱氢过程、精细化学品合成、能源催化转化及环境保护等过程,表现出很高的催化活性和选择性.Au基催化剂活性物种或活性中心基本由纳米粒子或化合物构成,但在应用过程中因Ostwald熟化效应或粒子迁移作用,尤其是高温高压等苛刻反应条件下,均随应用时间延长从小尺寸粒子逐渐长为大粒子,造成活性降低或完全失活,这也是负载型催化剂失活的最主要原因之一.其中因成本、稀缺等特性,负载型Au催化剂的烧结问题是影响和制约其应用的主要因素.除可通过载体改性、助剂和官能团配位稳定等方法来延缓其失活过程外,对已烧结催化剂的高效、快捷和绿色的再分散/再生过程也具有基础和应用研究的重要意义.活性炭载Au催化剂(Au/AC)广泛应用于乙炔氢氯化反应中,以期替代高毒性的汞基催化剂,但在反应过程中因高活性的Au^3+物种易被还原而形成AuIJ物种进而烧结导致失活;如新鲜Au/AC催化剂表面的Au粒子尺寸为1—2nm,经乙炔氢氯化反应后变为33nm左右;随之在453K、0.1MPa、乙炔体积空速(GHSV)为600h^-1、氯化氢与乙炔摩尔比为1.1的反应条件下,乙炔转化率从81.8%降至11.2%.如何有效对大粒子Au再分散/再生可为其应用提供有力支撑.有研究表明,气相CH,I在甲醇羰基化反应过程中明显改变Au/AC表面的Au粒子尺寸;或采用浓盐酸或王水也可将烧结的Au/AC催化剂进行再分散/再生.但已有的Au基催化剂再分散/再生过程均伴随着强酸、强氧化或高毒性在分散剂的应用,对环境的影响及后续处理有明显的局限性,且再分散机理尚不明确.在前期工作基础上,本文采用系列卤代烃(碘代烃、溴代烃和氯代烃)对烧结的Au/AC进行再分散/再生研究?
Disintegration or redispersion of supported sintered gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) in the presence of alkyl halide can give catalyst regeneration or redispersion of sintered Au catalysts. The selectivity of alkyl halides, temperature and size distributions were investigated to elucidate the redispersion of Au NPs during halide-induced decomposition. This study proved that the alkyl halide induced the redispersion of sintered Au NPs which depended on the R-X (X = I, Br, CI) bond dissociation energy (BDE) and thus provided a simple descriptor for the regeneration of inactive supported Au cata- lysts. A correlation between the BDE of R-X and dispersion efficiency was established. The tendency for disintegration and redispersion followed the R-X BDE of the alkyl halide. Compared to alkyl chlorides and bromides, iodides were more efficient for redispersing sintered Au NPs. As a descriptor, the BDE of R-I played a crucial role in particle redispersion. These findings provided in- sights into the mechanism of organic halide-induced Au NP disintegration and the effect of the hal- ide type on the redispersion of sintered catalysts.