中文摘要：

精子发生是个复杂的细胞事件,为了使这一事件有序的进行,生精细胞分裂和分化必须在信号调控下精确地进行。精子的离子通道在调节其离子平衡和重要的生理过程（精子能动性、顶体反应、对卵子的趋向性等）中都起了关键性的作用。离子通道表达水平或功能的改变都直接影响人类及其他动物的雄性生育能力。对离子通道的研究最直接的方法是膜片钳技术,但由于精子直径小,又是末端分化细胞,关于其电生理学的研究报道较少。该文介绍了精子离子通道的重要生理功能和电生理特征,同时分析了膜片钳技术在精子离子通道研究中的重要价值。

英文摘要：

Spermatogenesis is a complex cellular event. Sperm ion channels play a central role in the regulation of spermatozoaion homeostasis and vital cellular processes such as motility, chemotaxis toward the egg and the acrosome reaction. Changes on the expression or function of some ion channels in spermatozoa directly affect male fertility of human and other animals. The most direct method for the study of ion channels is patch clamp technique, which appeared extremely difficult because of the size of spermatozoa and its motility. This review summarizes the function and electrophysiological character of sperm ion channels. We also discuss the pivotal usage of patch clamp technique in the study of sperm ion channel.