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中文摘要：
针对富水砂层中地下工程经常出现的漏水漏砂引发的灾害问题，设计一种可以改变缝隙宽度的砂、水渗漏可视化试验装置，对骨架粒径D90在0.4～4.1 mm范围内的5种砂土，研究地下水位以下砂土自不同宽度缝隙中漏出时的水土流失及演化规律，提出土体流失引发灾害的临界缝隙宽度。利用颗粒流和计算流体力学耦合的方法（PFC-CFD方法），对试验进行细观模拟，研究灾害演化过程中的土颗粒应力链和缝隙两侧结构受力的发展变化情况。试验和数值模拟结果表明：当缝宽超过临界缝隙宽度后，土体将大量流失；水土流失过程中形成的破坏面在缝隙附近可以用二次曲面很好地表征；随着缝宽的增大，流失的砂水混合物中的体积含砂率逐渐增加；漏水、漏砂过程是一个应力拱不断建立、破坏的连续变化过程，缝隙两侧结构受力的波动反映了土拱的形成与破坏。
英文摘要：
In order to understand the mechanism of the underground engineering disaster caused by sand and water loss in water-rich sand stratum,a new visualization experimental device was developed to investigate the leaking process of sand and water. Five types of sands with the coarser particle size D90 between 0.4 mm and 4.1 mm were experimentally studied. A critical width of gap in the leaking process of sand and water was discovered. Numerical simulation was performed using the particle flow code-comutational fluid dynamics（PFC-CFD） method in order to study the variation of the chains of contacted force and the structure load on both sides of the gap. The results showed that catastrophe failure occured when the gap width exceeds the critical gap width. The failure surface near the gap was found to be quadratic. With the increase of the gap width,the volumetric content of sand in the discharge increased. The leaking process of sand and water accompanied a continuous and variable process of soil arch formation and break. The fluctuation of structure load on both sides of the gap reflects the forming and breaking of soil arches.
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