中文摘要：

【目的】为了探索海洋放线菌的多样性,为发现新的药物先导化合物提供新菌源,我们分析了波罗的海的放线菌多样性及生物活性。【方法】采集100份底泥样品,用7种培养基分离放线菌809株;去掉相同菌株后,选择280株代表菌进行了初步分类鉴定;采用琼脂扩散法,检测了它们对5种细菌、真菌的抗菌活性;用API ZYM system测定了21种酶的活性。【结果】用海藻糖-脯氨酸培养基和HV培养基分离的放线菌中,稀有放线菌占60%和63%;波罗的海的放线菌有15个属,其中3个属是首次从海洋中分离的纯培养物,并有13株是可能的新种;21%和20%放线菌株能抑制枯草芽胞杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌;这些放线菌株产生多种酶活性。【结论】海洋中含有丰富的放线菌资源,它们可能是海洋生态系统的重要类群。

英文摘要：

[Objective] Actinomycetes（actinobacteria） are getting more and more recognized as a natural source for new drug exploration.In order to find new lead compounds,the diversity and selected bioactivities of cultured actinomycetes in the Baltic Sea（Germany） were investigated.[Methods] One hundred sediment samples were collected from south of the Baltic Sea,of which 809 purified cultures of actinomycetes were obtained by using 7 media.The phylogenetic analysis of 280 selected strains based on 16S rRNA gene sequences was carried out.In addition,activities of 21 enzymes,which play a role in metabolic processes,and anti-microbial activities were determined.[Results] Fifteen genera and eight possible new species of actinobacteria were identified.Members of 3 genera were not isolated from marine habitats before.Of the 280 strains 21% and 20% inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus lentus,respectively.More than 75% of the strains exhibited 8 types of enzymatic activities,including esterase lipase（C8）,catalase and naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase.[Conclusion] Baltic Sea provides a rich diversity of actinobacteria regarding the phylogenetic analysis and the biological activities.Research and utilization of marine actinomycetes should be strengthened.