中文摘要：

【目的】绥农14是目前中国推广面积最大的大豆品种,该品种由17个亲本经5次杂交而成,其中包括5个祖先亲本和2个国外种质。对绥农14系谱亲本的遗传关系进行深入研究,为大豆育种的亲本选择提供理论依据。【方法】用分布于大豆基因组的550个SSR位点结合系谱分析的方法研究绥农14系谱亲本间的遗传关系。【结果】利用Treecon（Neighbour-joining方法）对绥农14系谱亲本进行聚类,发现绥农14系谱亲本随培育时期不同而聚在不同类别,与亲本来源及组合方式存在一定的关系。分析绥农14系谱中遗传物质的传递,发现在12.97%的位点上子代拥有与父母本均不相同的等位变异,品种育成年代越早这种现象越明显。47.72%的位点能够追溯到亲本来源,除绥农14接受父母本遗传物质相当外,其它4个品种均有偏亲现象,来自父本的遗传物质多于母本。经过5代的遗传重组,绥农14的遗传物质与祖先亲本相比已发生了很大的改变。【结论】绥农14及其系谱亲本的遗传关系反映了品种更新换代的特征及组合方式的变化,研究表明SSR不仅能用来分析系谱亲本间的遗传关系也可以有效地用来分析遗传物质在系谱中的传递。

英文摘要：

【Objective】Suinong14 is the largest-scale grown soybean（Glycine max L.） cultivar and the typical elite cultivar in China.Tracing its breeding pedigree,it was found that Suinong14 was bred from five generations of recombination between 17 genotypes including five domestics and two overseas.The genetic structure of Suinong14 pedigree was analyzed to provide useful information for the selection of parents in soybean breeding.【Method】550 SSR loci,distributed in 20 linkage groups were analyzed to explain the evolvement and genetic relationship of Suinong 14 and its pedigree.【Result】SSR data were analyzed with Treecon soft（Neighbour-joining method）.The clustered results of the accessions were different because of the difference of parental original and mating types.Parental inheritance and transmission of microsatellite alleles through the generations of the pedigrees were analyzed.The results confirmed the occurrence of inconsistent alleles,20.84% of all loci,which were not found in both parents.Most inconsistencies were found for ancestors Fengshou6（21.85）.Despite these difficulties approximately 47.72% of all loci were informative for determining the parental inheritance and indicated two situations： either a predominant impact of one of the parents was observed in the developed genotype.Alternatively,in some cases alleles have been transmitted to the new genotype from both parents in equal,or close to equal ratios in cultivar Suinong14.The genetic constitute of Suinong 14 is greatly changed compared with ancestor through five generations of recombination.【Conclusion】The characteristics of the times and mating types led to diversity of genetic structure of Suinong 14 pedigree.The results confirm the importance and informative value of microsatellite markers for parental inheritance as well as for genetic relationship studies in soybean.