中文摘要：

研究了北京某高校环境实验室内外空气中PM10的形貌特征与元素组成.结果表明,PM10的FESEM图像中燃煤飞灰的粒子数目最多,且PM10中绝大多数颗粒均小于2.5μm,为大气细粒子.燃煤飞灰的平均粒径最小,烟尘聚集体的平均粒径稍大于矿物颗粒,而且烟尘聚集体和燃煤飞灰算术平均直径均呈现室A外≥室A内〉室B内的规律,而矿物颗粒算术平均直径却呈现室A外〉室B内〉室A内的规律.从室A外到室A内,PM10中烟尘聚集体和燃煤飞灰的数目比例均下降,而矿物颗粒的数目比例却增加了近1倍；从室A外到室B内,PM10中烟尘聚集体数目比例下降了很多,而燃煤飞灰和矿物颗粒的数目比例均增加了.化学组成的聚类分析和三元图分析结果表明,室A外的矿物颗粒主要为钙长石,室A内的矿物颗粒主要为伊/蒙混层矿物、硅酸钙,室B内的矿物颗粒主要为长石类矿物和少量的白云石和石膏,其中的石膏可能是大气中均相与非均相反应的产物.基于FESEM形貌和分形维数的计算结果证明,燃煤飞灰不具有分形特征,而烟尘聚集体和矿物颗粒具有分形特征.矿物颗粒的D1均小于烟尘聚集体D1,其边界的不规则程度低,而矿物颗粒的D2均远大于烟尘聚集体D2,其具有更为密实的结构.

英文摘要：

Field emission scanning electron microscopy （FESEM） and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry （EDX） were used to study the morphology and elemental composition of indoor and outdoor PM10 in the air of environmental laboratories at the campus of a university in Beijing. FESEM images showed that the sizes of most particles were less than 2.5μm and coal fly ash was the most abundant species in PM10. The arithmetic average diameter of soot aggregates was a little larger than mineral particles, and coal fly ash was the smallest ones among the collected PM10. As for soot aggregates and coal fly ash, particles collected in the outdoor air of Room A were a little larger than those collected in the indoor air, while the smallest ones were collected in the air of Room B. The largest mineral particles were also found in the outdoor air of Room A. Moreover, both the number percentages of soot aggregates and coal fly ash in outdoor PM10 of Room A were less than those in indoor PM10, while the number percentage of mineral particles in outdoor PM10 of Room A was higher than that in indoor PM10. In Room B, the number percentage of soot aggregates in indoor PM10 was much less than that in outdoor PM10 of Room A, while the number percentages of other two particles in indoor PM10were higher than those in outdoor PM10 of Room A. Cluster analysis of element composition showed that mineral particles could be divided into six groups and mainly constituted of Si, Al and Ca elements. Then with triangle plots analysis, the anorthite was determined to be the primary component of the mineral particles in the outdoor air of Room A, and mixed-layer clays and Ca2SiO4 were the main minerals in the indoor air of Room A, and many feldspar mineral particles and a little CaCO3 and CaSO4 particles were observed in the indoor air of Room B. Morphology of FESEM images and fractal dimension calculation indicated that coal fly ash was not fractal, but soot aggregates and mineral particles were fractals. The 1-D fractal dimensions of mineral part