中文摘要：

葡萄膜炎是常见眼病，也是主要致盲原因之一。其发病机制复杂，目前尚未完全明确。内毒素诱导的葡萄膜炎动物模型，为了解葡萄膜炎的确切发病机制及开拓新的防治措施奠定了重要的实验基础。内毒素介导炎症性细胞的激活和组织损伤，Toll样受体4是内毒素脂多糖识别和细胞激活的初级信号受体，其信号转导通路的活化在内毒素诱导的葡萄膜炎发病中起关键作用，并最终导致相关炎症性细胞因子的活化及眼前节炎症病理反应。本文就内毒素诱导的葡萄膜炎模型的建立、病理特点、炎症发生及阻断机制等的研究状况进行综述，以期对人类葡萄膜炎的研究提供重要的理论依据。

英文摘要：

Uveitis is not only a common inflammation disease of eyes but also a leading cause of blindness. Its complex pathogenesis is not fully understood. An endotoxin-induced uveitis （EIU） animal model has been established for the study of uveitis to avoid the limits of taking specimens from human. These animal models of uveitis have made great contribution to understanding the mechanism and have set up the experimental foundation for clinical treatments of uveitis. Endotoxin mediates the activation of inflammatory cell and the damage of tissue. Toll like receptor 4 is the primary signal receptor of endotoxin lipopolysaccha- ride recognition and cell activation. The activation of Toll like receptor 4 signal pathway which results in the activation of related inflammatory cytokines and the inflammatory reaction in the anterior segment of the eye plays a key role in the pathogenesis of EIU. The discovery, methodology, pathological characters and inflam- matory pathways as well as the blocking mechanism of these models were introduced in this paper. Further- more, the research and application prospects of the model were discussed.