中文摘要：

禽流感是由A型流感病毒引起的一种急性呼吸道传染病,家禽、野鸟和部分哺乳动物均可感染。禽流感给中国养殖业造成了巨大的损失,同时,随着病毒的种间传播,人类的生命安全也受到了严重威胁。目前,疫苗免疫仍是防控禽流感最主要的手段,传统的疫苗主要有鸡胚灭活苗和禽流感弱毒疫苗。虽然在过往几次禽流感暴发过程中,传统疫苗发挥了重要作用,但其自身却存在诸多弊端,因此研制新型疫苗来弥补传统疫苗的不足是很有必要的。文章主要对禽流感重组活载体疫苗、基因工程亚单位疫苗、DNA疫苗和病毒样颗粒疫苗等新型疫苗的研究进展进行综述,旨在为禽流感的防控提供参考。

英文摘要：

Avian influenza （AI） is an acute respiratory disease caused by influenza A virus. Avian influenza virus （AIV） can infect poultry,wild birds and some mammals including human. AI is a big threat to both poultry and human health because the virus can cross the species barrier to get the capacity of transmitting from poultry to human. Vaccination is the most efficient measure against AI outbreaking. Traditional vaccines include inactivated vaccine based on chick embryo and attenuated vaccine. Although the traditional vaccines play important roles in the past AI epi- demics,many disadvantages have been proved to exist in traditional vaccines. Forced by major drawbacks of traditional vaccines, several studies focused on the development of novel vaccines. In this review,we reviewed recombinant live vector vaccine, subunit vaccine,DNA vaccine and virus- like particle vaccine of AI in order to provide some references for prevention and control of AI.