中文摘要：

以桃为母本，与经过处理的李、杏花粉进行远缘杂交，成功地对杂种幼胚进行了胚抢救，并对部分杂种进行了分子鉴定。研究表明，在以‘雨花露’为母本的杂交组合中，杂种胚的败育发生于授粉后第7周，而以‘中华寿桃’为母本的杂交组合中，杂种胚的败育开始于授粉后第8周；以早熟桃品种‘雨花露’为母本的杂种胚PF（胚长／种子长）值为0．5时幼胚萌发率仅为6．7％，而以晚熟品种‘中华寿桃’为母本的杂种胚PF值为0．5时幼胚萌发率却大于50％；适宜场强的静电场处理父本花粉后可显著提高杂种胚培苗多丛芽诱导增殖效率，而父本花粉经过^60Coγ射线照射后得到的胚培苗，多丛芽诱导效果较差，组培苗长势较弱；在胚抢救技术体系中，杂种胚最佳萌发及生长培养基为1／2MS＋6-BA4mg·L^-1 IBA 0．5mg·L^-1，胚萌发及分化率达90％；最佳多丛芽诱导及增殖培养基为MS＋6-BA 1．0mg·L^-1＋IBA1．0mg·L^-1，最佳生根培养基为Ms＋IAA0．5mg·L^-1＋NAA0．2mg·L^-1；SSR技术对杂种鉴定结果表明，所获杂种为真杂种。

英文摘要：

Some interspecific hybrids were obtained after hybridization of Prunus persica with treated pollens from P. armeniaca and P. salicina, then the hybrid embryos were successfully rescued, and a molecular identification was made in part of the hybrids. The results showed that the hybrid embryo abortion started from the 7th or 8th week after pollination in cross when used the Yuhualu or Zhonghua Shoutao as the female parent. The cultivars with different durations for fruit development and the ages of hybrid embryos have great effects on the rate of embryo germination and growth. At the same age （ when the PF value was around 0. 5 ）, the late peach cultivar Zhonghua Shoutao acquired more than 50% of embryo germination rate, but the early peach cultivar Yuhualu gave only 6. 7% of it. Treatment of male parent pollen in the electrostatic field at an appropriate dosage improved the efficiency of bud inducement and multiplication, but treatment with ^60Co γ- ray reduced the efficiency and produced weak buds. For rescuing the hybrid embryos, it is concluded that the medium 1/2MS ＋ 6-BA 4 mg·L^-1 ＋ IBA 0. 5 mg·L^-1 can increase the embryo germination rate up to 90%, the MS ＋ 6-BA 1.0 mg·L^-1 ＋ IBA 1.0 mg·L^-1 is the best medium for bud induction and multiplication, and the MS ＋ IAA 0. 5 mg·L^-1 ＋ NAA 0. 2 mg·L^-1 is the best rooting medium. SSR identification proves that the hybrids obtained by the embryo rescuing system are true ones.