中文摘要：

目的比较熏香烟加气道内注入脂多糖（LPS）法和单纯熏香烟法建立慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）大鼠模型的效果。方法8周龄Wistar大鼠24只,随机分为3组,每组8只。其中1组作健康对照,另2组分别进行熏香烟加气道内注入LPS和单纯熏香烟处理建立COPD模型。观察动物一般情况和肺组织病理学,测定肺组织平均内衬间隔（MLI）和平均肺泡数（MAN）;检测外周血常规和支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）常规。结果两个模型组大鼠消瘦,伴有间歇咳嗽和气促,外周血和BALF中的白细胞总数及中性粒细胞百分比均较对照组明显增高（P0.01）;肺组织H-E染色显示两个模型组大鼠均具有慢性支气管炎和肺气肿的典型病变,MLI较对照组明显增高,而MAN较对照组明显下降（P0.01）,但两个模型组组间差异无统计学意义;熏香烟加气道内注入LPS组比单纯熏香烟组气道及肺组织的炎症浸润更明显,单纯熏香烟组主要表现为肺泡过度扩张。结论熏香烟加气道内注入LPS和单纯熏香烟两种方法均可成功制备大鼠COPD模型,其病理生理改变与人类COPD类似,前者比后者更符合COPD自然发病过程。

英文摘要：

Objective To compare the efficacies of exposure to cigarette smoke alone and in combination with intra-tracheal injection of lipopolysaccharide in establishing rat models of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease（COPD）.Methods A total of 24 8-week-old healthy Wistar rats were randomly divided into 2 model groups and a control group（Group C）.The rat COPD models were established by two ways：intratracheal injection of lipopolysaccharide（LPS） twice ＋ exposure to cigarette smoke for 1 month（Group A）,and cigarette smoke inhalation for 80 days only（Group B）.The pathologic characteristics of animal models,including the mean lining interval（MLI） and the mean alveoli number（MAN）,were determined.The total and different white blood cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid（BALF） and blood samples were determined.Results The rats in the two model groups presented with cough or breathlessness periodically,and the white blood cell counts and neutrophil counts in the peripheral blood and BALF were significantly higher than those in the control group（P0.01）.H-E staining showed that the lung tissues of rats in Group A and B had typical pathological features of COPD and emphysema.MLI were significantly higher and MAN were significantly lower in Group A and B than those in group C（both P0.01）,but there was no statistical difference between the two model groups.Group A had more severe inflammatory response in the bronchial and lung tissues than Group B.And Group B was characterized by alveolar overdistension.Conclusion Both the two methods can successfully establish rat COPD model,with its pathophysiological changes similar to those of human COPD,with intra-tracheal injection of lipopolysaccharide being more consistent to the natural development of disease.