中文摘要：

基于列车纵向动力学理论和车辆—轨道耦合动力学理论,建立考虑钩缓系统中车钩纵向、横向和垂向作用力的重载列车—轨道耦合动力学模型。以机车牵引万吨列车为考核工况,分析牵引和制动时机车的受力特点,研究牵引力、制动力及车钩力对机车运行性能的影响过程和影响程度,并对理论模型进行试验验证。结果表明：在牵引、电制动及紧急制动工况下,直线线路上机车的轮重分别较惰行工况降低了约13,7和4kN,单纯的牵引或制动力可降低轮轨横向蠕滑力,间接造成轮轨横向力的小幅增大,但轮轴横向力基本不变;车钩力可通过车钩摆角产生横向分量,并传递到轮轨界面,改变轮轴横向力的整体变化趋势;若车钩偏转3°,在电制动工况下,前部机车承受的压钩力较大,引起的轮轴横向力增幅达18kN,在紧急制动工况下,机车上的压钩力幅值小,引起的轮轴横向力在8kN以内。

英文摘要：

Based on the train longitudinal dynamics heavy haul train and track coupling dynamic model theory and vehicle-track coupling dynamics theory, the considering the longitudinal, lateral and vertical forces in the coupler and draft gear system was established. Taking a locomotive traction 10 000 t train as the inspection condition, the mechanical properties of the locomotive in the traction and braking conditions were analyzed. The influence processes and degrees of traction force, braking force and coupler force on the running performance of locomotive were studied. And the theoretical model was validated by train test. Results indicate that the wheel load of locomotive on straight line is respectively decreased about 13, 7 and 4 kN under traction, electric braking and emergency braking compared with that under idle running condition. The pure traction or braking force can reduce wheel-rail lateral creep force, which indirectly induces a slight increase of wheel-rail lateral force, but the wheel-axle lateral force is unchanged. Through the coupler rotation angle, the coupler force can produce transverse component, which transfers to the wheel-rail interface to change the overall variation trend of wheel-axle lateral force. In electric braking condition, the front locomotive is subjected to a larger compressive coupler force and causes 18 kN increase in wheel-axle lateral force when the coupler has a 3° rotation angle. However, in emergency braking condi- tion, the compressive coupler force acting on the locomotive is small, which causes the wheel-axle lateral force increase by less than 8 kN.