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人体膝关节动态有限元模型及其在TKR中的应用

ISSN号：1004-7220
期刊名称：医用生物力学
时间：0
页码：12847-12856
语言：中文
分类：R318.01[医药卫生—生物医学工程;医药卫生—基础医学]
作者机构：[1]上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院,上海200240, [2]上海长征医院骨科,上海200433
相关基金：国家自然科学基金重点项目（50535050,30530230）
相关项目：植入假体的生物摩擦学关键基础问题研究

关键词：膝关节, 动态有限元模型, 膝关节假体, 相对运动, 接触应力, Knee, Dynamic FE model, Knee joint prosthesis , Relative kinematics , Contact stresses

中文摘要：

目的研究膝关节高屈曲活动下运动和应力等的动态特征。为膝关节生物摩擦学研究提供相对运动和应力分布等生物力学数据。方法建立包括人体主要骨与软组织的全膝关节置换前后的膝关节的动态有限元模型,对天然及全膝置换后膝关节下蹲运动和接触应力分布进行分析,并与相应的尸体实验的结果进行验证分析。结果通过有限元分析,获得高屈曲膝关节的三维相对运动参数,胫股关节和髌股关节的接触位置和应力等动态力学参数。有限元分析结果表明,分别在膝关节过伸和高屈曲时,在胫骨高分子聚乙烯平台的胫骨平台轮柱和平台前部的交界处、胫骨平台内后方和轮柱后部3个区域发生较高的接触应力。这些也正是假体发生较高磨损率的区域。结论所建立的有限元模型能够对于膝关节下蹲动作的运动、接触等力学行为进行评估,为临床膝关节全膝置换术、膝关节假体的摩擦学研究及其膝关节假体设计提供有力的分析工具。

英文摘要：

Objective For the research of relative motion and dynamic biomechanics of knee joint during squat.Providing the data of relative motion and biomechanics of knee joint for research of bio-tribology. Method Dynamic finite element（FE） model of knee and after total knee replacement（TKR）,which include tibio-femoral,patello-femoral articulations and the surrounding soft tissues,were developed in this research,to simulate both the kinematics and the internal stresses during squat simulation.The kinematic simulating results and the contact stresses distribution of a full deformable contact analysis of knee and prosthetic knee joint during squat,were verified by comparing with the data from an unique experiment. Result The dynamic 3D relative movement data and the contact distribution and stress of both tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joint in dynamic deep flexion were obtained.The results showed that relatively higher contact stresses were distributed in three different areas： the interface of cam-post and the anterior tibia insert,medial-posterior tibia insert and posterior tibia trabecula.These were also main areas with high wear rate. Conclusions The established dynamic FE models are capable of predicting the kinematics and the stresses during squat,and could be a efficient tool for the analysis of TKR, research of bio-tribology and knee prosthesis design.

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