中文摘要：

为了解胶州湾养殖水域和自然水域的底栖动物生态状况，尤其是水产养殖等人类活动对胶州湾生态系统的影响，在胶州湾菲律宾蛤仔养殖区内外选取六个典型站位，于2011年4月进行了大型底栖动物和环境因子的采样，分析比较了养殖区内外大型底栖动物的丰度、生物量、群落结构和生物多样性等群落特征以及与环境因子的关系。本研究共采到大型底栖动物77种，其平均丰度为1154．44ind．／m^2，平均生物量为369．33g．wwt／m^2。研究结果表明的养殖区内外大型底栖动物的优势种、丰度、生物量和群落结构差别较大。根据CI，USTER聚类结果，可以将大型底栖动物群落划分为3个站群。与历史数据相比，本研究6个站位中自然水域的站位丰度、生物量降低，而养殖水域内的站位丰度、生物量较高。菲律宾蛤仔养殖活动压力已造成胶州湾养殖区域及其邻近自然海域的大型底栖动物群落特征发生了一定变化。

英文摘要：

In order to understand the macrofauna community status in the culture waters of Manila clam （Ruditapes philippinarum） and natural waters in the Jiaozhou Bay, especially the effects of anthropogenic activities such as aquaculture on the ecosystem of the Jiaozhou Bay, six typical stations inside and outside the culture waters were chosen and macrofauna and environmental factors were sampled in April 2011. The community characteristics of macrofauna, including abundance, biomass, community struc ture and biodiversity as well as the relationship between macrofauna and environmental factors were an- alyzed. A total of 77 species of macrofauna were collected. The average abundance was 1154.44 ind. / m2 , and biomass is 369.33 g. wwt/m2. The present study indicated that there were significant differ- ences between the inside and outside culture waters in terms of dominant species, abundance, biomass and community structure of macrofauna. According to the result of CLUSTER analysis, macrofaunal communities can be divided into three station groups. Compared with historical data, the abundance and biomass in the natural stations decreased while those in the culture waters increased. Generally, the Manila clam culture activities in the Jiaozhou Bay have caused changes of the macrofauna community characteristics inside the culture waters and the adjacent waters.