中文摘要：

聚腺苷酸化（polyadenylation）是指在底物RNA的3＇-端加上一段聚腺苷酸残基的转录后修饰作用。1971年,第一次发现真核生物mRNA的3＇-端存在多聚腺苷酸（poly（A））尾,它保护mRNA免受核酸外切酶攻击,且对于转录终止、mRNA运输及翻译都起到重要作用,学者们一度将该现象认为是真核细胞mRNA的特征之一。时至今日,细菌RNA聚腺苷酸化现象的发现引起了学术界的高度重视,大量的研究结果不仅证明了该种修饰在细菌中普遍存在,而且发现其在细菌RNA的加工、降解及质量监控中扮演重要的角色;然而,与真核生物不同的是,在原核生物中该修饰倾向于使RNA去稳定化,即加速RNA的降解。本文综述了近年来细菌中RNA聚腺苷酸化修饰及其调控机制与生理作用的研究进展。

英文摘要：

Polyadenylation, a kind of post-translational modification, refers to polymerization of poly （A） residues to the 3＇-end of the substrate RNA. In 1971, the polyadenylation sequence in the 3＇- terminus of eukaryotie mRNA was discovered and confirmed to play important roles in protecting the mRNA from exonuclease attacks, termination of the transcription, transport and translation of the mRNA, as a result of which the scholars once thought that the polyadenylation was a unique characteristic of eukaryotic mRNA. Today, the discovery of polyadenylation in bacterial RNA has aroused significantly new academic attention. Research has proved that RNA polyadenylation is not only widely spreading in bacteria, but also plays important roles in processing, degradation and quality monitoring of bacterial RNAs. However, different from that in eukaryotes, the polyadenylation modification of prokaryotic RNA tends to destabilize RNA or accelerate the degradation of RNA. Here we reviewed the on-going findings of bacterial RNA polyadenylation on its regulatory mechanism and physiological roles.