中文摘要：

文章总结了近期我国冰冻圈变化对水文过程影响研究的主要成果。研究表明，过去50年全球变暖已经对我国主要寒区河流径流产生了影响。实测资料和模拟结果均表明气候变暖导致冰川径流的显著增加，但未来气候变暖导致的冰川径流峰值大小和出现时间取决于冰川规模和升温速率。同时冰川融化加剧已经导致青藏高原冰川补给湖泊面积扩大、水位上升，随着气温的变暖，冰川减薄后退、冰川融水增多、冰湖库容增加，结果是洪水总量在不断增大，洪水频率也在不断增加；气候变暖已经导致融雪径流过程提前，改变了径流的年内分配；冻土退化使径流年内过程趋于平缓，主要是由于随着冻土退化，冻土的隔水作用减小，一方面使冻土区地表径流减少，有更多的地表水人渗变成地下水，使流域地下水水库的储水量加大，导致冬季径流增加；另一方面，人渗区域的加大和活动层的加厚，使流域地下水库库容增加，使流域退水过程更为缓慢。

英文摘要：

This paper summarized some results of responses of river discharge to climate warming in cold region over China. The climate warming has strongly affected on discharge in cold region rivers in recent decades. The glacier, snow and permafrost are sensitive to climate change and related to river discharge. The measured glacier runoff has significantly increased by more than 37% during 1980 - 2006 due to climate warming in the basin of Glacier No. 1 in Vtvmqi River source （43°05′N,86°49′E） and 25% runoff increase is contributed from glacier mass loss. The simulated glacier runoff from degree-day model also shows strongly increase in Tarim Basin during 1960 - 2006. The glacier runoff would increase in earlier period of climate warming and then would decrease. The glacier runoff results from glacier flow model shows that the time and volume of the glacier runoff peak induced by climate warming in future depended on the glacier size and temperature increase rate. The enhanced glacier ablation also has lead to the extension of lake supplied by glacier, increase of glacier lake flood frequency. The climate warming also leaded to the early snow melting, consequently discharge increase in spring and shifted the hydrological regime in some rivers in the West China. The maximum monthly discharge has shifted from June to May at Altay Hydrological Station of Kelan River Basin in the Irtysh River of Ahai Mountains during 1960 - 2005. There is significant relationship between the permafrost coverage and the ratio of monthly maximum and minimum discharge in Lena River in Siberia and some additional data from some rivers in the West China and Arctic region further identified the relationship. This relationship indicates that the permafrost coverage of river basin controlled the hydrological regime in the basin with more than 60% of permafrost coverage and has no much effect on hydrological regime in the basin with less 40% of permafrost coverage. The relationship implies that the permafrost degradation will lead to flat