中文摘要：

自20世纪50年代以来，生物多样性与生态系统稳定性的关系一直是生态学中重点讨论的理论问题之一。在当今人类活动对自然生态系统产生重大影响的情况下，全面理解生态系统多样性与稳定性的关系，有助于我们更好地应对环境变化和生物多样性丧失等生态问题。在陆地生态系统中，关注重点多集中在地上植物生态系统；而对地下生态系统，尤其是对微生物多样性与系统稳定性关系的研究尚重视不够。事实上，土壤微生物作为生命元素循环的驱动者，主导和参与地下生态系统中一系列重要生态过程，对土壤能否正常有序地执行各项生态功能至关重要。对土壤微生物多样性的研究，能使我们明确土壤中微生物对各种环境条件（包括自然和人为因素）变化的响应机制，更好地维持土壤生态系统的稳定性及其生态服务功能。本文在介绍土壤微生物多样性概念、研究方法、地下生态系统稳定性的基础上，重点讨论了土壤微生物多样性对土壤生态系统稳定性的影响，对多样性一稳定性关系在土壤微生物生态学中的应用进行了较为深入和全面的思考。作者提出，土壤微生物系统是一个动态变化的自组织系统，通过遗传来维持其组成和结构的相对稳定性，通过变异而适应外界干扰，共同构成土壤微生物系统的抵抗力（resistance）~恢复力（resilience），维护土壤生态系统的稳定性。今后土壤微生物多样性一稳定性关系的研究，需要注重地上与地下生态系统的结合与统一，借鉴宏观生态学理论来构建微生物生态学的理论框架，建立微生物多样性一稳定性关系的机理模型，从定性描述向定量表征方向发展。

英文摘要：

The diversity-stability relationship has been a controversial topic in ecology since the 1950s. Natural ecosystems are significantly influenced by human activity, so it is necessary to explore the diver- sity-stability relationship in relation to environmental disturbance and loss of biodiversity. Studies on this have focused more on above-ground terrestrial ecosystem, and consequently below-ground ecosystem has tended to be neglected, especially with regard to soil microbial diversity and stability. However, soil micro- bial diversity is crucial to the maintenance of ecosystem functioning as soil microorganisms influence many ecosystem processes and drive biogeochemical cycles. One important aim of soil microbial diversity research is to clarify the responses of soil microorganisms to various environmental fluctuations, so as to predict eco- system stability and ecological service function. In this paper, we briefly introduce the concepts and research approaches for examining soil microbial diversity and below-ground ecosystem stability. Furthermore, we probe into the soil microbial diversity-stability relationship. We propose that the soil microbial system is a dynamic self-organized system. It maintains its relative stability as a result of soil microbes genetically adapting to environmental disturbances through mutation. In this way, the soil microbial system becomes resistant and resilient to environmental change and consequently sustains the stability of soil ecosystems. Fu- ture emphasis in the study of the relationships between soil microbial diversity and stability should put in the coupling processes of the below-ground ecosystem and the above-ground ecosystem. It is essential to con- struct a theoretical framework for soil microbial ecology by learning from theories of macroscopic ecology. We need to develop some mechanistic models to soil microbial diversity arid ecosystem stability. quantitatively describe and predict the relationship between