中文摘要：

为了研究高荷载作用下的软岩（泥岩）隧道锚的变形、破坏及长期稳定性等问题,以在建的某长江大桥为依托,分别针对泥岩隧道锚自然状态（含水率为5.36%）和浸水状态（含水率为7.39%）的情况,开展了缩尺比例为1∶30现场模型试验。研究发现：隧道式锚锭同样适用围岩为软弱围岩（泥岩）的情况,可以承受较高的拉拔荷载,采用设计荷载工作时,具有一定的安全储备,并可以满足长期稳定性要求。屈服荷载作用以后,泥岩隧道锚的破坏优先沿锚体接触面发生剪切破坏,破坏后,会引起较大范围的围岩产生大变形。高拉拔荷载作用下,含水率高的泥岩隧道锚的围岩变形较大。考虑江水位变化带来的影响,建议该长江大桥泥岩隧道锚的长期安全系数取为3.5。研究成果可为类似的工程设计、施工等提供参考。

英文摘要：

To study the deformation, failure and long-term stability of soft surrounding rock （mudstone） tunnel anchorage under heavy loads, the Changjiang River Bridge under construction is taken as an example, in which 1 ： 30 reduced-scale models are used for field tests on the mudstone tunnel anchorage in natural state （moisture content of 5.36%） and soaked state （moisture content of 7.39%）. According to the research, it is easy to know that the tunnel anchorage is applicable to soft surrounding rock. The soft surrounding rock （mudstone） tunnel anchorage can withstand higher drawing loads and has a certain safety margin when working in the design load conditions. When subjected to yield loads, the contact surfaces of the anchorage and the surrounding rock are sheared into failure first, which will cause large deformation of the surrounding rock. When subjected to high drawing loads, the mudstone tunnel anchorage with higher moisture content undergoes larger deformation of the surrounding rock than the mudstone tunnel anchorage with lower moisture content. Considering the influence of changes of the river water level, the long-term safety factor of mudstone tunnel anchorage for Changjiang River Bridge is suggested to be 3.5. The research results may provide reference for the design and construction of similar projects.