中文摘要：

环境空气中微生物会引起文物的损坏,因此开展针对文物保护的空气微生物研究非常重要。本研究利用Anderson FA-I型空气采样器在莫高窟封闭洞窟（常年不开放）中和洞窟外（检票口）采样,研究了空气中微生物的种群动态和群落。结果表明,洞窟内的细菌数量远远高于洞窟外,而洞窟内外的真菌数量相差不大。空气中的细菌和真菌的季节性变化不明显,但夏季洞窟外环境中真菌数量最高,冬季洞窟内环境细菌数量较多。洞窟外环境空气中的细菌数量与环境空气温度、太阳辐射强度、地表温度以及风速呈显著正相关,而与空气相对湿度呈显著负相关。窟外环境空气中的真菌数量与游客数量呈显著正相关。此外,空气中的细菌主要分布在采样器的第一、三、四级中,而真菌分布以第二、三、四级为主。研究还表明,敦煌莫高窟空气中的主要真菌为枝孢属,无孢菌,青霉属,链格孢属和曲霉属的种类。

英文摘要：

It is very important to investigate the airborne microorganisms due to the fact that the biodeterioration can be induced by such microorganisms.In this study,the Anderson FA-I air sampler was used for the sampling of airborne microorganisms both in a closed cave（closed to all visitors） and at an outside site（the entrance gate） at the Mogao Grottoes.It was found that the concentration of airborne bacteria in the cave was much higher than the outside,but no significant difference in concentration of fungi was observed between the two sites.There were slight variances of airborne microorganism concentrations according to the season,the highest fungi concentration season outside being during the summer.Inside the case,the bacteria concentration was the highest during winter.The significant positive correlations were made between the outside cave bacteria concentration and air temperature,solar radiation,surface temperature and wind speed,while a negative correlation was seen with air relative humidity.Meanwhile a positive correlation was found between outside cave fungi concentration and the number of visitors.The airborne bacteria mainly distributed on stages 1,3 and 4,and fungi at stages 2,3 and 4.The most abundant fungi found in the Dunhuang Mogao Grottos were Cladosporium,and the non-sporing fungi：Penicillium,Alternaria and Aspergillus.