中文摘要：

分子印迹技术（molecular imprinting technology,MIT）是指制备对特定目标分子具有专一识别性能的聚合物技术。离子印迹技术（ion imprinting technology,IIT）以离子为模板,通过静电作用、配位作用等与单体结合形成螯合物,聚合后用酸性试剂等将模板离子洗脱,最终制得具有与目标金属离子相对应的三维孔穴结构的印迹材料。作为分子印迹技术的重要分支,离子印迹技术因存在配位作用而具有很多优势,近年来得到了快速的发展。重金属离子是离子印迹领域最典型且最受关注的目标物。本文介绍了离子印迹技术原理、制备及其在金属的痕量和超痕量分析中的优势,针对环境监测中典型重金属污染离子（铅、汞、铜、镉、铬、砷）的印迹聚合物应用进行了简述,并对金属离子印迹技术未来的挑战与发展作出了展望。

英文摘要：

Molecular imprinting technology（MIT） is known as a technology for creation of tailor-made binding sites with memory of the shape,size and functional groups of the template molecules.Ion imprinting technology is the technology that creating three-dimensional cavity structures in a polymer matrix,i.e.,ion imprinting polymers（ⅡPs） by the copolymerization of functional monomers and cross-linkers in the presence of target ion that act as template molecules based on coordination or electrostatic interactions.After removal of the template ion with acidic reagent,recognition cavities complementary to the template ion were formed in the highly crosslinked polymer matrix.Owing to the special coordination,ion imprinting technology,as an important branch of MIT,obtained the rapid development.Heavy metal ion as the most typical water-soluble ion,has gained increasing concerns.So,effective identification and quantification of heavy metal ions by using ion imprinting polymers are highly crucial.The principles,synthesis strategies of ion imprinting and advantages on analysis of trace and ultra-trace metal are introduced in the review.Then,the applications of ion imprinted polymers for typical heave metal ions from environmental monitoring including lead,mercury,copper,cadmium,chromium and arsenic ions are summarized.Finally,the challenges and possible solution strategies,and future trends are proposed.