中文摘要：

蛋白、基因和药物的快速、灵敏、特异性检测对疾病的预防、诊断和治疗具有十分重要的意义。适体是一类能与蛋白、药物等靶物质特异性、选择性结合的寡核苷酸片段。在总结适体电化学生物传感器的原理基础上，将适体电化学生物传感器分为非标记型适体电化学生物传感器和标记型适体电化学生物传感器，介绍了近三年来这两类传感器在蛋白和有机小分子等分析方面的研究进展。

英文摘要：

The fast, accurate and specific detection of proteins, genes and drugs have become increasingly important in terms of disease prevention, diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Aptamers are oligonucleotides （ DNA or RNA） that can bind with high affinity and specificity to a wide range of target molecules, such as proteins ,drugs ,other organic and inorganic molecules. On the bases of the principle of electrochemical aptamer sensor,two kinds of electrochemical aptamer sensors are summarized, labeled and label free electrochemical aptamer sensor. The recent developments of these electrochemical aptamer sensors for the detection of protein, small organic molecule are addressed.