中文摘要：

一项旅游活动的发展与流行需要多种内部和外部条件的支撑。中国的露营活动还处于发展的初期，目前还没有成体系的露营地建设，也没有相应的发展和管理措施。自发的露营活动很不规范，容易带来一系列社会问题。为了促进我国露营活动的健康发展，露营地的成体系和规范建设，论文从多个方面分析了美国露营活动流行的原因，及其对我国露营活动开展的启示。首先分析美国的早期移民从东海岸向西海岸探险过程中，对露营活动的形成和促进作用：在露营活动过程中，参与者如何从活动中获得休闲娱乐、磨炼意志、知识学习、生存经验积累等多方面的收益，特别是对青少年的教育和锻炼作用。其次分析美国露营地建设种类和各种基础设施建设，以及露营者行为管理、露营地管理等各种管理措施对有序开展露营活动的支撑作用。再次从多种外部因素分析露营活动流行的原因，主要包括：地理气候等自然因素，高速公路系统、信息发布、生活品供应等各种基础设施因素，假期制度、生活与传统习惯和公共道德等各种社会文化因素等。最后在综合分析美国露营活动流行原因的基础上，提出我国如何结合自身国情开展露营活动。

英文摘要：

People enjoy natural landscapes and outdoor environment through camping, which becomes increasingly popular in many countries. In the U.S., camping is a traditional activity engaging annually up to 14% of the population. In China, more and more people, especially young urban residents, are involved in camping. Yet camping sites and related infrastructure in China are still in early development. Unregulated and unorganized, camping does not attract many people, and may cause environmental and social problems. To reach its full potential, camping requires proper planning, infrastructure, and regulations. In this paper, we review factors that influence camping development, and analyze what Chinese camping organizers can learn from American camping experience. First, we review the history and benefits of camping. Early in history, people in Europe and elsewhere camped outdoors while reclaiming land. Centuries later, they realized that camping may be beneficial for health, education, and recreation. Organized camping for young people developed in the latter half of the 19th century when a number of educators and church leaders experimented with taking groups of young people to live, study, play, and work outdoors. Second, we review land systems that support camping in the U.S. today. At the federal level, various land administration bureaus and agencies often provide or regulate outdoor recreation sites. Different types of land are available for campground on federal and local levels. Third, we discuss modern campground organization. Campsites are often equipped with convenient infrastructure such as online reservation system, bathrooms, trash cans, organized tent sites, drinking water, electricity, and on-site campground offices. Fourth, we highlight additional factors influencing camping experience such as transportation, climate, and available outdoor activities. Finally, we summarize what can be learned from American camping ideas to foster the development of campgrounds in China.