中文摘要：

多年来,环境污染问题一直困扰着人们,而因水体富营养化导致的水华现象已然成为全球性问题,成为一种世界性的公害。水华的产生不仅破坏了水体生态结构,对人类造成的危害也引起了人们的关注。水华中产生藻毒素根据其化学结构特征和致毒机理可分为肝毒素和神经毒素两类。通过综述鱼腥藻毒素和微囊藻毒素的产生、分布和结构,并从免疫学的角度综述其可对生物体造成的毒效应及致毒机理,为后续研究藻毒素毒性多样性提供参考依据。

英文摘要：

Algal blooms not only damage the ecological structure of water bodies, but also produce algal toxins which can be divided into liver toxin （represented by microcystin-LR） and neuro-toxin （represented by anatoxin-a） according to the chemical structure and toxic mechanism. This paper summarizes two kinds of toxins, i.e. anatoxin-a （ANTX-a） and microcystin-LR （MC-LR）, in terms of the production, distribution and structure, and from the perspective of immunology illustrates the toxic effects and toxic mechanisms of two toxins on the aquatic organisms.