中文摘要：

以典型黑土区水曲柳林、落叶松林、樟子松林、云杉林及撂荒地为对象,通过对土壤容重、非毛管孔隙/毛管孔隙（NCP/CP）、广义土壤结构指数（GSSI）的测定、计算与对比分析,研究了不同类型人工水土保持林对土壤结构性特征的影响。结果表明：在所研究的0-30cm土层范围内,水曲柳林和落叶松林在降低土壤容重方面略好于樟子松林和云杉林,降低幅度为8.04%-1 1.01%,落叶松林与云杉林和樟子松林之间差异均达显著水平（p〈0.05）,而水曲柳林仅与云杉林差异显著（p〈0.05）;林地土壤的平均NCP/CP值均显著高于撂荒地（p〈0.05）,增加幅度范围为59.75%～128.82%,土壤透气性、透水性能力提高,并以落叶松林提高幅度最大;各林地的平均GSSI值均显著高于撂荒地（p〈0.05）,增加幅度范围为2.98%-4.36%,说明林分可以有效改善土壤结构,使其能够更加接近旱地土壤理想结构,以水曲柳林和云杉林改良效果相对较强,但实现趋近理想土壤结构的途径、即相态的变化方式有所不同。研究结果可为科学评价典型黑土区植被恢复对土壤质量的影响和深入系统研究水土保持林构建提供理论依据。

英文摘要：

A study was conducted to determine the characters of soil structure in different water and soil conservation forests in Keshan County,northwest of Heilongjiang Province,China.The soil bulk density,the ratio of non-capillary porosity and capillary porosity（NCP/CP）,and the generalized soil structure index（GSSI） were measured for Fraxinus mandshurica,Larix gmelini,Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica,and Picea koraiensis plantations as well as the abandoned land（as control） adjacent to the forests in typical black soil region.Results show that at soil depth of 0–30cm,the soil bulk density of F.mandshurica forest and L.gmelini forest was lower than that of P.sylvestris var.mongolica forest and P.koraiensis forest,with the relative decrease of 8.04%–11.01%.The soil bulk density of L.gmelini forest was significantly different from that of the P.sylvestris var.mongolica forest and P.koraiensis forest.The NCP/CP values of the four types of plantations were all higher（59.75%–128.82% relatively） than that of abandoned land（p〈0.05）,indicating that the soil aeration and permeability under forest were enhanced,especially under L.gmelini forest.GSSI values of the four types of forests were also relatively higher（2.98%–4.36%） than abandoned land（p〈0.05）,indicating that those soil and water conservation forests,especially the F.mandshurica forest and P.koraiensis forest,can promote soil condition to approximate ideal soil structure.The result of this study can provide theoretical basis for scientifically evaluating the effects of vegetation restoration on soil quality in typical black soil region.