中文摘要：

利用我国不同区域三县760户农村居民的调查数据，从需求角度实证分析新农合的受益状况，探讨该制度的公平性的研究结果表明，贫困居民、身体健康差和疾患严重的人更多地从新农合中受益，新农合门诊补偿的公平性优于住院补偿的公平性，新农合制度存在收入再分配效应，但效果有限。

英文摘要：

Based on the survey data of 760 rural residents from the three provinces of east, middle and west, this paper discusses the issue that who benefit from the New Rural Cooperative Medical System （NCMS） on the perspective of demand. The result shows that： the poor people, ill-health people and disease serious people benefit more from the NCMS; outpatient service compensation is more equitable than inpatient service compensation; there is income redistribution effect in the system, but it is limited.