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中文摘要：
本文根据问责方偏好与组织使命的吻合程度和问责方对负责方的强制程度，为非营利组织问责提供了一个新的分类——自我问责、层级问责、社会问责、法令问责。问责成本可以分为狭义实施成本和机会主义成本，其中实施成本随吻合程度或者强制程度的上升而上升。机会主义成本随吻合程度或者强制程度的上升而下降。问责类型的选择和组合主要是一个成本权衡的问题，不同情境的最优问责有匹配的吻合程度和强制程度。
英文摘要：
Based on coincidental degree of accountee＇ s preference and organization＇s mission and coercionary degree of aceountee over accountor, this paper provides a new typology for nonprofit accountability： self accountability, hierarchical accountability, social accountability, and mandate accountability. Accountability cost can be divided into enforcement cost in a narrow sense which is positively related to coincidence degree as well as coercion degree and opportunity cost which is negatively related to them. Accountability types＇ selection as well as combination is a cost trade - off problem which means that optimal account- ability in some situation has its own matching coincidence degree and coercion degree.
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