中文摘要：

采用极限平衡原理得到三维极限平衡解答是解决三维边坡稳定性分析的一种有效途径。通过对一般情况下的条柱进行受力分析，采用条柱前后侧面条间力参数λ1、条柱左右侧面条间力相对前后侧面条间力比例参数λ及条柱滑动底面剪切力与滑动平面之间的夹角ρ这3个计算参数，建立能满足3个力和3个力矩平衡方程的准严格三维极限平衡计算公式。当采用相应二维条间力假设条件时得到三维Spencer法、M-P法和Sarma法，当令上述3个计算参数中的某些参数为零时，将本文准严格法转化为仅满足部分力学平衡条件的3种非严格法。经与经典算例对比，并以左右滑动面宽度和曲面不对称这2情况比较准严格法和非严格的计算差别，可知：①三维Spencer法、M-P法和Sarma法均与其他方法计算得的结果颇为接近，因而说明该方法的可行性；②滑动面非对称情况时，除忽略条柱前后侧面竖向剪切力使得到的非严格法计算得的结果较小外，准严格法与其他2种非严格法计算得的结果基本一致，说明非严格法同样可适用于三维滑动面非对称情况；③本文建立的三维极限平衡解答通用于准严格法和非严格法，且计算公式简单，无需求解方程组，经过简单迭代即可得到稳定性的收敛解，因而较适用于工程实践。

英文摘要：

Adopting the limit equilibrium theory to obtain the solutions of 3D limit equilibrium is an effective way to solve the stability analysis of 3D slopes. After analyzing the stress of columns under general conditions, three parameters are chosen： inter-force parameter λ1 of column’s front and back side faces, scaling parameter λbetween column＇s left and right side faces and their front and back ones, angle ρbetween directions of shear force on bottom of columns and the sliding plane, and a quasi-rigorous 3D limit equilibrium formula that can meet three-force equilibrium equation and three-moment equilibrium equation is established. When the relative 2D inter-force assumptions are used, 3D Spencer method, 3D M-P method and 3D Sarma method are obtained. By making some of the above-mentioned three parameters equal to zero, the proposed quasi-rigorous method can be transformed into three kinds of non-rigorous methods that only meet part of the mechanical equilibrium conditions. Compared with the classical examples and by comparing the difference of the calculated results between the quasi-rigorous method and the non-rigorous method in two asymmetric cases of width and curve surface of left and right sliding surface＇s, some conclusions can be drawn as follows： （1） the results calculated by 3D Spencer method, 3D M-P method and 3D Sarma method are quite close to those by other methods, indicating the feasibility of the proposed method; （2） for the case of asymmetric sliding surfaces, except that those by the non rigorous method that gets the limit equilibrium equation by ignoring vertical shear force of front and back side faces of columns are smaller, the calculated results by the quasi-rigorous method and two kinds of non-rigorous methods are the same, showing that the non-rigorous methods are also applicable to cases of 3D asymmetric sliding surface; and （3） the established three-dimensional limit equilibrium solutions are all applicable to the quasi-rigorous method and non-rigorous method, and