To investigate the anti-fibrosis mechanism of salvianolic acid B in liver.Methods Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) were isolated from liver of normal rats by in situ perfusion and density-gradient centrifugation with Nycodenz. Total RNA was extracted from cells to detect type Ⅰ collagen and smooth muscle α-actin mRNA expression using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Smooth muscle α-actin protein was assayed with immunoblotting analysis. Secretion of type Ⅰ collagen in the medium was determined by ELISA.Results Both 1 μmol/L and 10μmol/L SAB suppressed type Ⅰ collagen mRNA expression and its protein secretion. 10μmol/l SAB affected the expression of smooth muscle α-actin protein.Conclusion Retarding activation of stellate cells and inhibiting type Ⅰ collagen secretion were the main mechanism of SAB on anti-fibrosis of liver.