中文摘要：

人类学与社会学是当代社会科学中的重要研究领域。文章提炼与分析了人类学与社会学哲学研究的解释机制与理性批判，分别是：可量化的社会学研究、功能性解释与进化解释的引入、强调文化解释的人类学研究、对非理性与自然主义的接受以及种族、性别与知识批判。文章指出，对相关解释机制的分析以及对包括理性在内等议题进行的批判，有助于深入探究当代社会科学的发展进程和演化动力，有助于深入挖掘当代社会科学的功能价值和反思能力．旦有奄耍的价值弄口研穷煮义．

英文摘要：

Anthropology and sociology are two important research fields in contemporary social sciences. The article abstracts and analyzes the explanation mechanism and rationality critique in the research of philosophy of anthropol- ogy and sociology, which are the quantifiable sociology research, the introduction of functional explanation and evo- lutionary explanation, the anthropological research which lays emphasis on culture, the acceptance of irrationality and naturalism and race, gender and knowledge critique. It is pointed out that the analysis of the relevant explana- tion mechanism and the critique of the issues including rationality will help us to explore in depth the developmental process and the evolutionary power of contemporary social sciences and help us to tap the functional value and re- flective ability of contemporary social sciences, which is of great value and research significance.