中文摘要：

研究目的：探讨美国国家资源清单的建立方法及其对中国的借鉴。研究方法：文献检索法、比较分析法、逻辑分析法。研究结果：美国国家资源清单值得中国在建立全国尺度耕地质量动态监测系统中作为参考借鉴;借鉴美国国家资源清单＂分层布控,重点加密＂的监测布设思想,结合中国耕地资源分布的空间特征,建立了以经纬格网为框架的耕地质量动态监测体系。研究结论：（1）应建立统一管理的中国国家资源清单,改变中国多个部门监管耕地质量各自为战的现状,建立完整的县、省、国家监测数据报告机构,推动部门间的联合监管和数据共享;（2）在空间样本均匀分布的格网系统下进行分层二步区域抽样,优化监测精度和成本;（3）完善耕地质量的监测指标,实现耕地质量数量并重的管理。

英文摘要：

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the national resources inventory （NRI） in the US and explore its implication on China. The methods include literature review and comparative analysis. The results show that NRI could provide enlightenment on establishing nationalstandard-cultivated lands quality monitoring system in China. The results presented in the article indicated the following： 1 ） the establishment of cultivated lands quality monitoring system should combine the current situation of China＇ s cultivated land and the oversea advanced experience, and determine the shortterm or long-term monitoring content depending on the actual demand; 2）making up the standard and uniform sample units with sample points of cultivated lands quality monitoring among national region longitude and latitude networks, with the integral three-tier architecture of county-province-state in updating monitoring contents will guarantee the reliability and usability of the observed data; 3）by promoting inter-agency and multi-resources monitoring, the monitoring data could be used in various natural resources monitoring projects, which lead to good sharable monitoring sample units.