中文摘要：

随着纳米技术的快速发展，纳米材料在医学成像、疾病诊断、药物传输、癌症治疗、基因治疗等领域的应用和基础研究也在飞速发展.同时，纳米材料的这些有益应用使得人体通过吸入、经口、皮肤吸收和静脉注射等不同方式受到暴露.当纳米材料与生物体系发生相互作用时，有可能产生负面生物学效应，而这些潜在的毒理效应都是未知的.综述了纳米材料在生物医学领域巨大的应用前景，关注其对心血管系统、呼吸系统及转运到其他器官可能造成的负面效应，并探讨了纳米颗粒在引起心血管疾病及肺部炎症方面的可能机理与作用途径.最后对纳米材料的安全性评估和研究重点进行了总结.

英文摘要：

With the rapid developing of nanotechnology, the use of nanomaterials in medical imaging, disease diagnoses, drug delivery, cancer treatment, gene therapy, and basic research have also progressed quickly. The beneficial uses of nanomaterials may cause human exposure through inhalation, ingestion, skin uptake, and intravenous injection. When nanomaterials interact with biological systems, they may generate adverse biological effects. The possible toxic effects of these nanomaterials are unknown until now. The positive applications in biomedicine as well as the negative biological effects of nanomaterials on cardiovascular, respiratory and other systems are highlighted, the possible mechanisms by which nanoparticles result in cardiovascular and pulmonary morbidity are also discussed, and the possible interaction routes and sequences is farther reviewed. Finally, the perspective of risk assessment of nanomaterials in the future is summarized.