中文摘要：

采用自主研发的高精度短纤维力学性能测试仪（SF-I）研究了毛竹、杉木、洋麻、苎麻单根纤维的纵向力学性能。结果表明,4种纤维的应力-应变曲线均表现出明显的线弹性行为,直至断裂。毛竹、杉木、洋麻、苎麻的平均断裂强度分别为1710、1258、1019、1001MPa,平均弹性模量分别为27.1、19.9、30.8、11.4GPa,平均伸长率分别为7.0%、6.6%、3.2%、8.9%。由此可见所测4种纤维的力学性能特点各异。毛竹的拉伸强度最大,最高达2708MPa;苎麻纤维断裂伸长率最大、韧性最好,但强度和刚度均最小;洋麻纤维虽然韧性最差,但弹性模量值明显高于其他3种纤维,刚性最好。就综合性能而言,毛竹纤维力学性能最优。

英文摘要：

The object of this paper was to investigate the tensile properties of single fibers bamboo,Chinese fir,kenaf and ramie by a newly designed micro tension tester （SF-I）.The load-deflection curve of single fiber testing showed that a linear behavior presented to failure.The average values of tensile strength of bamboo,Chinese fir,kenaf and ramie single fibers were 1 710,1 258,1 019,1 001 MPa,respectively,and their tensile modulus were 27.1,19.9,30.8,11.4 GPa,elongation were 7.0 %,6.6 %,3.2 %,8.9 %,respectively.It showed that the mechanical properties of the four fibers were different.Among the fibers investigated,the bamboo fiber had the biggest tensile strength with the peak value reaching 2 708 MPa.The ramie fiber had the biggest fracture strain and the best flexibility but the smallest tensile strength and stiffness.The toughness of the kenaf fiber was the poorest but the elastic modulus value was significantly higher than others,its stiffness was the best.Bamboo fiber is the best from comprehensive mechanical properties.