中文摘要：

类似CCD这样记录二维信息的传感器在诸多研究领域都有重要的应用。CCD的位数是涉及信号质量、价格和数据传输速度等方面的一个重要指标。CCD光圈也是影响信号质量的一个重要因素。采用数值模拟的方法，从信号的标准差和功率谱的角度讨论了CCD的采样位数和光圈调整对信号保真的影响，并给出了CCD的最佳工作状态图。结果表明，4位和6位CCD采样信号失真较大，而8位CCD，只有操作得当，才可以和12位CCD一样不失真地反映出真实的信号信息。根据模拟结果得出CCD的最佳工作状态图，为CCD的采集提供了很好的理论指导，有一定现实意义。

英文摘要：

Sensors like CCD used to record two-dimensional information have many applications in scientific researches. The sampling digit of CCD is a very important index related to the signal quality, price and data transmission speed. The aperture-coefficient of CCD is also an important factor which could influence the signal quality. Using numerical simulation method, the sampling digit and diaphragm are discussed based on aspects of standard deviation and power spectrum, and the best CCD work-state diagram is achieved The results show that 4-bit and 6-bit CCD could easily produce a large signal distortion, while 8-bit CCD only with proper operation can have the same effect as 12-bit CCD to reflect the real signals without signal distortion. The optimal CCD work-state diagram derived from the simulation results, provides certain theoretical guidance for data acquisition using CCD and has some practical significance