中文摘要：

通过回顾生态需水研究发展历程及主要研究成果,从生态需水研究的典型区（流）域、研究对象、概念内涵、研究内容、计算方法及应用等方面系统归纳并总结了我国生态需水的研究现状与面临挑战,并提出若干关键科学问题。指出现阶段我国生态需水研究仍处于起步阶段,生态需水基础理论研究不足是导致目前生态需水计算方法不统一,可信度低,计算结果风险大,在水资源规划、配置与管理实践中难以达到预期结果的主要原因。今后生态需水研究的重点方向是基于流域生态系统完整性的流域生态系统需水研究,关键科学问题包括变化环境下气候变化和人类活动对生态需水影响机理及尺度转换中生态需水规律剖析等,在此基础上,需进一步加强生态需水基础理论研究,强调理论研究与管理实践的有机结合,以构建适合我国国情的生态需水研究理论方法和技术体系。

英文摘要：

With large scale of human activities for water resources utilization,the water cycle process was changed,in turn the water ecological space was evolved reversely,which emerged in more and more ecological and environmental problems.Then studying on ecological water requirement has been a focus at home and abroad.Compared with foreign countries,there are more complex ecological effects of the water cycle,more serious ecological environment problems,and more severe and urgent ecological water requirement in China because of a large differences in the natural areas.Based on the review of the development and the main research results for ecological water requirement,the typical area,valley and the research object are comprehensively pointed,the concept and connotation are scientifically defined,the theories are systematically introduced,the calculation and its practical application are also summarized.These results point that ecological water requirement is still in its infancy,which is the main reason leading to inconsistent and unreliable method of ecological water requirement,and causing difficult to achieve the expected results in water resources planning allocation and manage practice.Therefore,the direction of ecological water requirement in future should focus on basin ecological water requirement based on basin ecosystem integrity and stability.The key scientific issues mainly include the impact mechanism of climate change and human activities on ecological water requirement and scaling law analysis of ecological water requirement,etc.The basic research of ecological water requirement should be further strengthened for building the scientifically theoretical methods and technology system for China,which can provide a solid support for accurate calculation of ecological water requirement.