中文摘要：

固相形态磷是控制环境中磷素生物可利用性、迁移流失能力的重要形态.基于同步辐射光源的X射线吸收近边结构（XANES）光谱技术可在分子水平上识别目标元素周围的局部化学信息,在非破坏性、原位直接表征等方面体现出其独特的优越性,成为表征化学物质存在形态和阐明化学反应微观机制的前沿技术之一,在环境化学领域中得到了广泛关注.本文简述了磷的XANES的基本理论,综述了XANES技术在矿物、土壤及有机肥中磷素固相形态研究中的应用进展,并分析了该技术应用在环境介质中磷形态表征中所面临的挑战及发展趋势,指出XANES技术应与其他微观光谱技术及宏观试验方法有机结合,多种表征技术取长补短,以期为环境介质中磷素形态表征及转化机制研究提供全面有效的技术支撑.

英文摘要：

Solid state phosphorous is an important phosphorus speciation controlling the phosphorous bioavailability and mobility in the environment. Synchrotron-based X-ray absorption near-edge structure （XANES） spectroscopy, with its unique advantage of being a non-destructive method in identifying the local chemical information of target element at molecular level in situ, has become one of the frontier technologies for characterizing the speciation of chemical substances and clarifying the microscopic mechanisms of chemical reactions, attracting extensive attention in the field of environmental chemistry. This paper briefly introduced the basic theory of phosphorus XANES spectroscopy, summarized the applications of XANES spectroscopy in the researches of solid state phosphorus speciation in minerals, soils, and organic fertilizers, and analyzed the challenges and prospects of the applications of XANES spectroscopy in identifying the solid state phosphorus speciation in the environmental samples. It was pointed out that XANES spectroscopy should combine with other microscopic spectroscopic techniques and macroscopic analytical methods, complementing each other, to provide a comprehensive and effective technical support for the research of the speciation characterization and transformation mechanisms of phosphorus in the environment.